使用 HS-GCMS 同步分析藥物第 1、2A、2B 類殘留溶劑
藥物殘留溶劑定義為原料藥、藥物添加劑和製劑過程中,使用或產生的揮發性有機化學物質。依據對人體健康的風險,在管理上分為第 1 類至第 3 類。
美國藥典 (USP) 通則 <467> 規定以 GC-HS 法分析殘留溶劑,每一類別必須進行 3 次溶劑分析。但是,使用此處說明的 HS-GCMS 法,可在一次量測中就完成三類溶劑的分析,此方法也能夠提供未知峰的定性資訊。
由於 GC-MS 具有質量選擇性,採用 HS-GCMS 法可對 GC 未能充分分離的峰進行定量。圖 1 為一組層析圖,SIM 分析取得良好的結果,再現性為 1.3 至 3.9 % RSD (表 1)。
圖 1. 27 種化合物混合物之 TIC 層析圖
表 1. 27 種化合物的再現性
Name | Abbreviation | Class | R.T. | Conc. (μg/ml) | AREA RED (%) | |
1 | Methanol | MeOH | CLASS 2A | 2.321 | 3.03 | 3.83 |
2 | 1,1 Dichloroethylene | 11DCEy | CLASS 1 | 3.618 | 0.018 | 2.79 |
3 | Acetonitrile | AcNt | CLASS 2A | 4.107 | 2.85 | 3.29 |
4 | Dichloromethane | DCM | CLASS 2A | 4.411 | 27.0 | 2.78 |
5 | trans-1,2 Dichloroethylene | trans-12DCEy | CLASS 2A | 4.908 | 14.6 | 2.60 |
6 | Hexane | C6 | CLASS 2B | 5.477 | 0.52 | 3.38 |
7 | Nitromethane | NtMe | CLASS 2B | 7.025 | 0.82 | 2.44 |
8 | cis-1,2 Dchloroethylene | cis-12DCEy | CLASS 2A | 7.216 | 5.05 | 2.49 |
9 | Tetrahydrofuran | THF | CLASS 2A | 7.918 | 3.12 | 2.12 |
10 | Chloroform | CRF | CLASS 2B | 8.304 | 1.97 | 2.67 |
11 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 111TCEa | CLASS 1 | 8.728 | 0.033 | 2.61 |
12 | Cyclohexane | cycC6 | CLASS 2A | 8.939 | 24.1 | 2.27 |
13 | Carbon tetrachloride | CCl4 | CLASS 1 | 9.24 | 0.045 | 1.62 |
14 | Benzene | Bz | CLASS 1 | 10.018 | 0.064 | 2.01 |
15 | 1,2-Dimethoxymethane | 12DMOEa | CLASS 2B | 10.222 | 0.42 | 2.74 |
16 | 1,2-Dichloroethane | 12DCEa | CLASS 1 | 10.358 | 0.085 | 2.30 |
17 | Trichloroethylene | TCEy | CLASS 2B | 13.293 | 0.42 | 1.56 |
18 | Methylcyclohexane | mecycC6 | CLASS 2A | 14.509 | 8.72 | 1.69 |
19 | 1,4-Dioxane | 14-D | CLASS 2A | 15.501 | 6.15 | 2.54 |
20 | Pyridine | Pry | CLASS 2B | 21.644 | 1.67 | 3.29 |
21 | Toluene | Tol | CLASS 2A | 22.354 | 7.00 | 1.56 |
22 | n-Butyl methyl ketone | MBK | CLASS 2B | 25.172 | 0.83 | 1.34 |
23 | Chlorobenzene | ClBz | CLASS 2A | 26.884 | 2.92 | 1.28 |
24 | Ethylbenzene | EB | CLASS 2A | 27.221 | 1.47 | 1.41 |
25 | m,p-Xylene | m,p-X | CLASS 2A | 27.542 | 2.48 | 1.41 |
26 | o-Xylene | o-X | CLASS 2A | 28.362 | 10.3 | 1.66 |
27 | Tetralin | Sulfln | CLASS 2B | 34.516 | 0.65 | 1.77 |
Headspace Analysis System: Environment, Foods, and Chemical Product Analysis
Volatile components in liquids and solids can be analyzed by using headspace analysis. The term headspace refers to the space atop an object. Constituent compounds with particularly low boiling points are found at the top of liquids and solids. With a headspace sampler, a sample sealed in a vial is heated for a set time so that the sample reaches equilibrium with its gas phase. This gas component (headspace) is then introduced to a gas chromatograph for analysis. Headspace samplers are used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze aromatic components in foods, components with noxious odors in chemical products, and toxic volatile components in environmental waters.